Acupuncturists in Santa Monica, CA

Photo of Mahtab Ghajar, Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, Dipl OM
Mahtab Ghajar
Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, Dipl OM
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
I am a California licensed acupuncturist and nationally certified diplomat of Oriental Medicine with over 22 years of experiences in the field. I studied Naturopathic Medicine in Germany where I began my studies in Eastern medicine with emphasis in Acupuncture and Chinese Medicinals/Herbology followed by 6 months of intensive studies in Beijing International University of Chinese Medicine. After earning master's and doctoral degrees in Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine in the US, I have expanded my clinical experiences in Japanese Acupuncture with an externship in Japan as well as Korean Acupuncture other than Chinese Acupuncture.
I am a California licensed acupuncturist and nationally certified diplomat of Oriental Medicine with over 22 years of experiences in the field. I studied Naturopathic Medicine in Germany where I began my studies in Eastern medicine with emphasis in Acupuncture and Chinese Medicinals/Herbology followed by 6 months of intensive studies in Beijing International University of Chinese Medicine. After earning master's and doctoral degrees in Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine in the US, I have expanded my clinical experiences in Japanese Acupuncture with an externship in Japan as well as Korean Acupuncture other than Chinese Acupuncture.
(310) 919-2638 View (310) 919-2638
Photo of Atsuki Maeda, Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, Dipl OM
Atsuki Maeda
Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, Dipl OM
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
I have over 39 years of practical experience and specializes in gentle and painless Japanese Acupuncture for all conditions, gender and age. Have you ever felt your symptoms come from somewhere else than physical and rather more psycho-emotional? Our emotions effect our physical condition greatly and vise versa. My approach is to see a person as a whole integration of mind-spirit-body. In Vedic medicine, it says “The primordial cause of disease (dis-ease) is forgetting that you are a spirit.” Celestial Acupuncture is for those who are striving on your spiritual path but little bit struggling with manifesting a true desire.
I have over 39 years of practical experience and specializes in gentle and painless Japanese Acupuncture for all conditions, gender and age. Have you ever felt your symptoms come from somewhere else than physical and rather more psycho-emotional? Our emotions effect our physical condition greatly and vise versa. My approach is to see a person as a whole integration of mind-spirit-body. In Vedic medicine, it says “The primordial cause of disease (dis-ease) is forgetting that you are a spirit.” Celestial Acupuncture is for those who are striving on your spiritual path but little bit struggling with manifesting a true desire.
(424) 317-9278 View (424) 317-9278
Photo of Neil R Gumenick, Acupuncturist, MAc(UK), LAc, DiplAc
Neil R Gumenick
Acupuncturist, MAc(UK), LAc, DiplAc
Santa Monica, CA 90401
I have practiced and taught Classical Five-Element Acupuncture exclusively for 42 years. I focus on the unique individual patient before me, not labeled diseases or symptoms, which are only the expression of a deeper imbalance. My aim is to identify and resolve the core imbalance, whether it be at the physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, or all of the above. In this way, symptoms resolve naturally and effortlessly.
I have practiced and taught Classical Five-Element Acupuncture exclusively for 42 years. I focus on the unique individual patient before me, not labeled diseases or symptoms, which are only the expression of a deeper imbalance. My aim is to identify and resolve the core imbalance, whether it be at the physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, or all of the above. In this way, symptoms resolve naturally and effortlessly.
(310) 453-2235 View (310) 453-2235
Photo of Dr. Chianni Lin - Center for Acupuncture & Anti-Aging Medicine, Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, Dipl OM
Center for Acupuncture & Anti-Aging Medicine
Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, Dipl OM
Santa Monica, CA 90404
My goal is to help you achieve your health goals and improve your overall quality of life. As a Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, I integrate acupuncture, herbal medicine, nutrition and movement (yoga, qigong) to improve your health in a sustainable way. At the Center for Acupuncture & Integrative Medicine, we use this integrated approach in a beautiful, serene setting to address a range of health issues: Women's Health, Anti-aging, Facial Rejuvenation, and Cosmetic Acupuncture, Chronic Back, Neck and Joint Pain, Stress and Anxiety, Digestive Health and Skin Disorders. Thank you! Dr. Chianni Lin
My goal is to help you achieve your health goals and improve your overall quality of life. As a Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, I integrate acupuncture, herbal medicine, nutrition and movement (yoga, qigong) to improve your health in a sustainable way. At the Center for Acupuncture & Integrative Medicine, we use this integrated approach in a beautiful, serene setting to address a range of health issues: Women's Health, Anti-aging, Facial Rejuvenation, and Cosmetic Acupuncture, Chronic Back, Neck and Joint Pain, Stress and Anxiety, Digestive Health and Skin Disorders. Thank you! Dr. Chianni Lin
(310) 340-1774 View (310) 340-1774
Photo of Doann Tsuneo Kaneko, Acupuncturist, PhD
Doann Tsuneo Kaneko
Acupuncturist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Many of my patients have sports injuries, occupational conditions, auto related injuries, stress related disorders, mental and emotional issues and psychosomatic conditions. Their symptoms are acute inflammation, chronic pain and flare-ups of both. I treat carefully after referring specialists for acute severe cases. Then one of my goals is to get results as soon as possible and as much as possible. All of us expect faster and certain recovery with less treatment. If I'm not treating pain, my patients enjoy oriental medicine for the transformation of the body, mind and spirit, including karmic issues.
Many of my patients have sports injuries, occupational conditions, auto related injuries, stress related disorders, mental and emotional issues and psychosomatic conditions. Their symptoms are acute inflammation, chronic pain and flare-ups of both. I treat carefully after referring specialists for acute severe cases. Then one of my goals is to get results as soon as possible and as much as possible. All of us expect faster and certain recovery with less treatment. If I'm not treating pain, my patients enjoy oriental medicine for the transformation of the body, mind and spirit, including karmic issues.
(310) 319-1111 View (310) 319-1111
Photo of Sharon Xiuxia LI, Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
Sharon Xiuxia LI
Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
Serves Area
Dr. Sharon Li has the PhD. in Neurosciences/physiology. She knows the western and Eastern medicines well and has the experiences in the both fields. She is a expert in neurological disorders includes pain, Parkinson's disease, stroke and Dementia. Now she offers her knowledge and skills to her patients with the natural healing. Email to: app@acumother.com, call or text to: (310) 699 - 1028
Dr. Sharon Li has the PhD. in Neurosciences/physiology. She knows the western and Eastern medicines well and has the experiences in the both fields. She is a expert in neurological disorders includes pain, Parkinson's disease, stroke and Dementia. Now she offers her knowledge and skills to her patients with the natural healing. Email to: app@acumother.com, call or text to: (310) 699 - 1028
(310) 928-9263 View (310) 928-9263
Photo of Melanie Laura Kaplan - Melanie Kaplan LAc, Acupuncturist, LAc, MT
Melanie Kaplan LAc
Acupuncturist, LAc, MT
Serves Area
Acupuncture + Oriental Medicine is a time-tested path that helps in rebuilding and maintaining your health. Acupuncture is able to treat a vast number of ailments by utilizing highly individualized treatment plans. Through the use of thin needles, moxibustion, massage, nutritional + herbal counseling, aromatherapy + meditation, Melanie is able to bring your body into balance and create a reservoir of strength + energy to help maintain your health. Strong in the belief that optimal health is achieved when we integrate all parts of our being, physical, emotional + spiritual, Melanie believes that by educating + empowering her patients they can find their path to wellness.
Acupuncture + Oriental Medicine is a time-tested path that helps in rebuilding and maintaining your health. Acupuncture is able to treat a vast number of ailments by utilizing highly individualized treatment plans. Through the use of thin needles, moxibustion, massage, nutritional + herbal counseling, aromatherapy + meditation, Melanie is able to bring your body into balance and create a reservoir of strength + energy to help maintain your health. Strong in the belief that optimal health is achieved when we integrate all parts of our being, physical, emotional + spiritual, Melanie believes that by educating + empowering her patients they can find their path to wellness.
(310) 340-2845 View (310) 340-2845
Photo of Min Hee Lee, Acupuncturist, PhD, OMDr, LAc
Min Hee Lee
Acupuncturist, PhD, OMDr, LAc
Serves Area
The main objectives of acupuncture treatment are relieving pain and other symptoms, strengthening the immune system, and balancing, harmonizing and integrating the functions of the internal organs with each other, making for a unified, healthy person, rather than a collection of fragmented, disharmonious parts. Oriental Medicine addresses and seeks to find the root or the cause of the problem rather than just merely treating the manifestations of various symptoms. Acupuncture increases the blood circulation to the area where the fine tiny needles are inserted. With increased circulation of blood the muscles relax, and they become tightened.
The main objectives of acupuncture treatment are relieving pain and other symptoms, strengthening the immune system, and balancing, harmonizing and integrating the functions of the internal organs with each other, making for a unified, healthy person, rather than a collection of fragmented, disharmonious parts. Oriental Medicine addresses and seeks to find the root or the cause of the problem rather than just merely treating the manifestations of various symptoms. Acupuncture increases the blood circulation to the area where the fine tiny needles are inserted. With increased circulation of blood the muscles relax, and they become tightened.
(213) 674-4152 View (213) 674-4152

More Acupuncturists Nearby

Photo of Henry Jun Wah Lee, Acupuncturist, LAc, MS
Henry Jun Wah Lee
Acupuncturist, LAc, MS
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Conveniently located in West LA, I am a Physician of Chinese Medicine with more than twenty years of experience in the holistic medicine field. I practice Acupuncture as well as Chinese Herbal Therapy, Medical Qigong and Eastern Nutrition. In addition to treatments, I provide healing tools so you can be empowered in your own healing process. Tools include simple, yet powerful medical Qigong exercises, nutritional recommendations, and lifestyle guidance.
Conveniently located in West LA, I am a Physician of Chinese Medicine with more than twenty years of experience in the holistic medicine field. I practice Acupuncture as well as Chinese Herbal Therapy, Medical Qigong and Eastern Nutrition. In addition to treatments, I provide healing tools so you can be empowered in your own healing process. Tools include simple, yet powerful medical Qigong exercises, nutritional recommendations, and lifestyle guidance.
(323) 284-5449 View (323) 284-5449
Photo of Eileen Zegar, Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, OM
Eileen Zegar
Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, OM
Los Angeles, CA 90019
Self-care works better when you feel supported. Acupuncture has tremendous success in balancing the body and calming the mind. I can assess and relieve aches & pain. Guide you through the stress and strain of infertility issues, gastrointestinal issues, migraines or even a difficult cancer diagnosis. Patient education is an essential part of each treatment. Dietary and wellness counseling supports the work of the needles and herbs. Massage and subtle spinal manipulation is often included in treatments. Find out more about acupuncture, cupping, and herbal treatments.
Self-care works better when you feel supported. Acupuncture has tremendous success in balancing the body and calming the mind. I can assess and relieve aches & pain. Guide you through the stress and strain of infertility issues, gastrointestinal issues, migraines or even a difficult cancer diagnosis. Patient education is an essential part of each treatment. Dietary and wellness counseling supports the work of the needles and herbs. Massage and subtle spinal manipulation is often included in treatments. Find out more about acupuncture, cupping, and herbal treatments.
(323) 894-9708 View (323) 894-9708
Photo of Sung Cho, Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc, DiplAc
Sung Cho
Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc, DiplAc
Harbor City, CA 90710
I believe that we have the greatest doctor in ourselves. It is a great gift from God but we forget it. Every kinds of medicine including acupuncture are just a helper to assist the inner doctor. I think that I am responsible for awakening the inner doctor using the oriental medicine to maximize the improvement. For the result, I would like not only to give patients treatment but also to take a load off their mind as a lifetime companion. I like to helping people and making the world a better place.
I believe that we have the greatest doctor in ourselves. It is a great gift from God but we forget it. Every kinds of medicine including acupuncture are just a helper to assist the inner doctor. I think that I am responsible for awakening the inner doctor using the oriental medicine to maximize the improvement. For the result, I would like not only to give patients treatment but also to take a load off their mind as a lifetime companion. I like to helping people and making the world a better place.
(424) 327-9082 View (424) 327-9082
Photo of John Park - AcuRelief, Acupuncturist, LAc, PhD, DiplOM
AcuRelief
Acupuncturist, LAc, PhD, DiplOM
Montrose, CA 91020
Acurelief is an acupuncture and herbal medicine clinic in Montrose, California. My goal is to help patients who pursuit for wellness in natural ways. My primary service is providing the combination of Asian acupuncture treatments and western physical therapies for pain management and overall wellness as well. We carry a full line of Asian herbal products and raw herbs for each individual.
Acurelief is an acupuncture and herbal medicine clinic in Montrose, California. My goal is to help patients who pursuit for wellness in natural ways. My primary service is providing the combination of Asian acupuncture treatments and western physical therapies for pain management and overall wellness as well. We carry a full line of Asian herbal products and raw herbs for each individual.
(818) 330-9335 View (818) 330-9335
Photo of Wei-chen Chen - PV Acupuncture & Healing Center, Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
PV Acupuncture & Healing Center
Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
Torrance, CA 90505
Wei-Chen obtained his Master degree in Oriental Medicine from Samra University in Los Angeles; he also holds a PhD in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is a licensed acupuncturist. Together with Huang, Wei-Chen co-founded the PV Acupuncture Clinic. His specializes in Pain Management, Sports Injuries and the management of fatigue with traditional Chinese medicine. Wei-Chen is also actively involved in promoting traditional Chinese Medicine in the community and has taken part in several health fairs events.
Wei-Chen obtained his Master degree in Oriental Medicine from Samra University in Los Angeles; he also holds a PhD in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is a licensed acupuncturist. Together with Huang, Wei-Chen co-founded the PV Acupuncture Clinic. His specializes in Pain Management, Sports Injuries and the management of fatigue with traditional Chinese medicine. Wei-Chen is also actively involved in promoting traditional Chinese Medicine in the community and has taken part in several health fairs events.
(310) 912-3460 View (310) 912-3460
Photo of Crystal A Lentine, Acupuncturist, LAc
Crystal A Lentine
Acupuncturist, LAc
Westlake Village, CA 91361
"The most beautiful part of my work is to see people heal, shift and take power back into their lives."
"The most beautiful part of my work is to see people heal, shift and take power back into their lives."
(805) 288-7563 View (805) 288-7563
Photo of Jueuy Hong - Holistic Healing Hands, Inc, Acupuncturist, LAc, DAOM
Holistic Healing Hands, Inc
Acupuncturist, LAc, DAOM
Los Angeles, CA 90039
As the 5th generation acupuncturist, Grace, LAc. treats patients with warm heart and extensive knowlege passed down from generation to generation. We provides special integrated health care based on each patient's physical constitution using his/her time, date, month and year of birth. Also she has a broad knowlede on alternative healing method such as yoga, exercise, diet program and so on."
As the 5th generation acupuncturist, Grace, LAc. treats patients with warm heart and extensive knowlege passed down from generation to generation. We provides special integrated health care based on each patient's physical constitution using his/her time, date, month and year of birth. Also she has a broad knowlede on alternative healing method such as yoga, exercise, diet program and so on."
(323) 906-7868 View (323) 906-7868
Photo of Jing Wu, Acupuncturist, LAc
Jing Wu
Acupuncturist, LAc
Buena Park, CA 90620
With 20+ years of practice in China and US, Dr. Wu has accumulated sophisticated experience on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases. Been practicing since 2001 as a licensed acupuncturist, She is a 1999 master alumna of Samra University of Oriental Medicine, NCCAOM Diplomat in Acupuncture & Herbal medicine, and research staff at UCLA. She started career as an attending physician in 1987 after graduating from Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Jing's considerate personality and flexible hours make patients willing to discuss their concerns, allowing her to make comprehensive treatment plans
With 20+ years of practice in China and US, Dr. Wu has accumulated sophisticated experience on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases. Been practicing since 2001 as a licensed acupuncturist, She is a 1999 master alumna of Samra University of Oriental Medicine, NCCAOM Diplomat in Acupuncture & Herbal medicine, and research staff at UCLA. She started career as an attending physician in 1987 after graduating from Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Jing's considerate personality and flexible hours make patients willing to discuss their concerns, allowing her to make comprehensive treatment plans
(657) 279-4827 View (657) 279-4827
Photo of Soyoung Han - choi acupuncture clinic, Acupuncturist, LAc
choi acupuncture clinic
Acupuncturist, LAc
Bellflower, CA 90706
Soyoung Choi, L.Ac, has been treating patients for more than 50 years with Dr. Sun K. Choi who is her father in both the United States and and Korea, and one of the earliest generations who established Oriental Medicine in Los Angeles. In addition to devoting her life-time effort towards patients and seeking their profession, they have educated numerous students and followers and delivered them the most essential knowledge to heal the people in need.
Soyoung Choi, L.Ac, has been treating patients for more than 50 years with Dr. Sun K. Choi who is her father in both the United States and and Korea, and one of the earliest generations who established Oriental Medicine in Los Angeles. In addition to devoting her life-time effort towards patients and seeking their profession, they have educated numerous students and followers and delivered them the most essential knowledge to heal the people in need.
(323) 457-2192 View (323) 457-2192
Jacklin Arastouzadeh
Acupuncturist, NBAO
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
My goal is to address the root cause of each patient’s condition, not just the symptoms. During your initial visit, we’ll take time to understand your full health picture and create an individualized plan that may include acupuncture, herbal formulas, and nutritional support to bring your body and mind back into balance.” With over 40 years of meditation practice alongside great masters, I bring a deep awareness of the mind–body connection into every session. I also hold certification from Acupuncture Without Borders and support patients in releasing trauma and restoring harmony on physical, emotional, and energetic levels.
My goal is to address the root cause of each patient’s condition, not just the symptoms. During your initial visit, we’ll take time to understand your full health picture and create an individualized plan that may include acupuncture, herbal formulas, and nutritional support to bring your body and mind back into balance.” With over 40 years of meditation practice alongside great masters, I bring a deep awareness of the mind–body connection into every session. I also hold certification from Acupuncture Without Borders and support patients in releasing trauma and restoring harmony on physical, emotional, and energetic levels.
(310) 807-6801 View (310) 807-6801
Photo of Dia Vickery - Vickery Health & Wellness, Acupuncturist, DACM, LAc, Dipl OM
Vickery Health & Wellness
Acupuncturist, DACM, LAc, Dipl OM
Woodland Hills, CA 91364
Utilizing a variety of integrative services including acupuncture, essential oils, herbal medicine, acupressure, massage, traditional dietary advice, meditation techniques and energy exercise Dr Vickery tailors each treatment to meet your needs and help you attain your wellness goals
Utilizing a variety of integrative services including acupuncture, essential oils, herbal medicine, acupressure, massage, traditional dietary advice, meditation techniques and energy exercise Dr Vickery tailors each treatment to meet your needs and help you attain your wellness goals
(818) 962-6351 View (818) 962-6351
Photo of Ghim Lam, Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, DilpAc, CCHT, PhDc
Ghim Lam
Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, DilpAc, CCHT, PhDc
Glendale, CA 91203
Dr.Ghim Lam, D.A.O.M. (Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine), who train intensively in integrating Chinese and western medicine to boost the hormonal and endocrine system of the body to obtain an immediate result since 1988. He combines Painless Abdominal Acupuncture, Face-Neck Acupuncture and Neurological Acupuncture into his practice to helps patients eliminates neurological pain, stress, anxiety and depression effectively. Besides, he also received training from many masters from China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore in the early 80's, who taught him integrating the Body-Mind awareness to restore the patient's energy.
Dr.Ghim Lam, D.A.O.M. (Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine), who train intensively in integrating Chinese and western medicine to boost the hormonal and endocrine system of the body to obtain an immediate result since 1988. He combines Painless Abdominal Acupuncture, Face-Neck Acupuncture and Neurological Acupuncture into his practice to helps patients eliminates neurological pain, stress, anxiety and depression effectively. Besides, he also received training from many masters from China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore in the early 80's, who taught him integrating the Body-Mind awareness to restore the patient's energy.
(818) 493-9804 View (818) 493-9804
FAQs - About Acupuncture

How can I find an acupuncturist in Santa Monica?

To find an acupuncturist near you, enter your city, town, suburb, ZIP code, or the provider's name into the search bar at the top of the page. You can then filter results by provider specialty, treatment technique or style, and even gender to find an acupuncturist who best matches your needs.

When viewing an acupuncturist’s profile, take note of key details such as session costs, their area of specialty, treatment techniques, and location to determine if they’re a good fit. If a provider seems promising, you can reach out via email or phone using the contact information on their profile. During the conversation, assess your comfort level and their expertise in addressing your specific concerns. It’s also a good opportunity to ask about their overall approach to care and confirm any relevant acupuncture credentials they hold.

What can acupuncture help with?

Acupuncture is most commonly used to treat chronic pain, including pain caused by physical injuries, arthritis, or migraines. It may also help with autoimmune conditions, nausea, digestive issues, and behavioral health concerns such as anxiety, depression, or insomnia. Rooted in ancient Chinese tradition, acupuncture is based on the belief that illness results from an imbalance in the body’s energy, or “Qi.” Practitioners aim to restore the balance and flow of Qi by stimulating specific acupuncture points throughout the body, which is thought to alleviate pain and other symptoms associated with these conditions.

Acupuncture is typically used alongside medical treatment rather than as a replacement. It is important to note that acupuncture practitioners are not trained to diagnose or medically manage conditions, so it should not substitute regular care from a licensed medical provider.

Is a licensed acupuncturist a doctor?

No, acupuncturists are not medical doctors. To practice acupuncture, there is typically less training needed than that required for medical doctors. Acupuncture practitioners typically need to complete a master’s-level training program and meet a minimum requirement for clinical exposure before obtaining a license. However, licensing requirements vary by state. While most states have established minimum standards, some, such as Alabama, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, do not offer licensure for acupuncturists. In these states, there are no formal education or training requirements to practice acupuncture. The National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) oversees acupuncture training and certification. This organization administers the national certification exam, which is required in many states to obtain a state-issued acupuncture license.

How many acupuncture sessions are generally needed?

Acupuncture is typically a time-limited treatment lasting 3 to 6 weeks, with sessions occurring 1 to 2 times per week. However, the duration and frequency of treatment may vary depending on the severity of symptoms and the nature of the condition or injury being treated. Acupuncturists should regularly assess their clients' progress, monitoring changes in symptoms and adjusting the treatment plan as necessary. After completing the initial course of treatment, some practitioners may recommend periodic "tune-up" sessions to help maintain symptom relief and longer-term well-being.

How much does it cost to see an acupuncturist?

The cost of acupuncture sessions typically ranges from $75 to $150 per session, depending on factors such as location, the provider’s experience, and the type of service offered. Some insurance plans may cover a portion of these costs, so it’s worth checking your specific coverage details. Additionally, some acupuncturists offer session packages or discounts for clients who commit to multiple sessions upfront, providing a more cost-effective option for those seeking ongoing treatment.

Is acupuncture covered by insurance?

Insurance coverage for acupuncture varies depending on the client’s insurance provider and specific plan. In many cases, insurance will cover a limited number of acupuncture sessions if the client has a referral from a medical doctor. The growing focus on non-opioid treatments for chronic pain has increased interest in acupuncture and led to improved insurance coverage in some plans. However, coverage often comes with conditions, such as copayments, limits on the number of sessions, or restrictions on the types of conditions eligible for treatment. For example, Medicare Part B generally covers acupuncture only for chronic low back pain. Clients should review their insurance policy to understand the extent and specifics of their plan's coverage of acupuncture treatments.